Rule.



No. 841,627. PATENTED JAN. l5, 1907.

N. H. CLOUD, JB.

RULE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 24, 1906.

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No. 841,627. PATBNTEI) JAN. 15, 1907; N. H. CLOUD, JR. RULE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 24, 1906.

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No. 841,627. PATBNTBD JAN. 15,2190?.

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RULE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 15, 1907.

Application led March 24, 1906. Serial No. 307,908.

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Be it known that I, NEWTON H. CLOUD, Jr., a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at lVilmington, in the county of Newcastle and State ofDelaware, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rules, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rules, and has for its object to provide acombination-rule whereby the various calculations necessary in theevery-day work of a carpenter or builder may be quickly arrived atwithout the necessity of figuring out each calculation after obtainingthe necessary dimensions. 1n other words, the object of the presentinvention is to provide a rule embodying certain novel features ofconstruction and arrangement whereby scales and indicating devices orgages are provided for rafters, braces, joists, shingles, and angles,enabling the workman uponobtaining certain measurements to obtain othermeasurements, such as angles and cuts of articles of each kindnecessary, suoli as shingles, joists, rafters, and the like.

lith the above and other objects in View, the nature of which will morefully appear as the description proceeds, the invention consists in thenovel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinaftermore fully described, illustrated, and claimed.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a ruleembodying the present invention, the scales and indicating devices beingomitted. Fig. 2 is an edge view of one arm or member of the rule. Fig. 3is a similar view of the other arm or member of the rule. Fig. 4 is anenlarged detail perspective View showing the main joint of the rule withthe several parts thereof disconnected. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectionthrough one arm of the rule, showing the manner of combining a compassattachment therewith. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of one of themiddle plates or minor joint-plates of the rule-arms. Fig. 7 is anenlarged plan view of the rule looking toward one side thereof with oneof the arms broken ofi. Fig. 8 is a planview of the remainder of the armomitted from Fig. 7. Fig. Q is also an enlarged plan view of the rulelooking toward the opposite face thereofI and having one of the arms ormembers thereof broken off. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the arm shownremoved from Fig. 9.

Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the main rule-joint iscomposed of joint-plates 5, arranged at opposite sides of one of thearms 13 of the rule, while between the plates 5 is interposed the shank6 of an indicator-head 6, which is provided with a hole for thereception of the pivot 2 of the joint. Connected to the other arm 13 ofthe rule are similar joint-plates 4, having substantially circular ordisk-shaped protractor-heads 4, which lie on opposite sides of theindicator-head 6, the protractor-heads 4 being integral with the plates4 and being therefore carried by and rigidly connected with the arm ormember 13 of the rule.

7 designates a division-plate arranged between the joint-plates 4 andextending to the edge or periphery of the indicator-head 6.

1t will be understood that the body portions of the arms or members 13and 13 are preferably composed of wood and that the plates 4 are securedto opposite sides of said arms or members, while the plates 6 and 7 arearranged between the plates 4 and 5, all of said plates being rivetedtogether in the ordinary manner and as indicated in Fig. 1.

The protractor-heads 4 are provided at points ninety degrees apart withradiallyprojecting shoulders 4 and 4, while the indicator-head 6 isprovided with corresponding shoulders 6 and 6, located ninety degreesapart and adapted to register with the shoulders 4 and 4 when the armsor members 13 and 13 stand at a right angle to each other. Theindicator-head 6 is also provided with a radially-projecting shoulder16, having a notch therein adapted to come in contact with a stop-pin16, Fig. 7, on the arm or member 13, said pin 16 extending acrossbetween the joint-plates 4.

Extending through the pivot 2 is a pin 1, the extremities of which arepointed to form projecting studs or spurs, as best shown in Fig. 3, toenable the device to be used as a plumb-bob by holding such pointedstuds or spurs between the thumb and forefinger, while the arms oftherule are closed together in parallel relation for indicating a verticalline or when they are held at a right angle to each other for indicatinga true horizontal line by their lower extremities, which lie in the samehorizontal plane. 3 designates a threaded pivot-clamp lever mounted onthe pivot 2, by means of which the joint between IOO the arms of therule may be held rigidly while using the device to indicate a verticalor horizontal line.

The rule is also adapted to be used as a compass for scribing circles,in which case a compass attachment 17 (shown in Figs. land 5) isassociated with one of the arms or members of the rule, said compassattachment embodying a body portion which extends transverselyT acrossthe arm of the rule and be seen, and said attachment is further providedwith a projecting portion through which a pencil-opening S is formed,enabling a pencil to be inserted therethrough to scribe the circle orarc, of which the pin 1 is the center, it being apparent thateitherpointed extremity of the pin 1 may be pressed into the surface uponwhich the circle or arc is being scribed.

T designates a gage-mark to enable the compass attachment to be broughtinto exact register with any graduation of the desired scale, afterwhich the compass attachment may be xed at the desired point by means ofthe screw 1S.

Each of the arms 13 and 13 is provided with a metal tip 11 at itsextremity and is also provided midway of its length with a hinge-jointcomprising overlapping strips or plates S and interposed washers 9,through all of which passes a hinge-pin 8. The said edges of the arms ormembers 13 and 13 are faced with metallic binding-strips 12, held inplace by through-rivets 15.

14 designates the rivets which secure the j oint-plates and theinterposed parts together.

A, Fig. 7, designates the rafter-scale for indicating the lengths ofrafters of different pitches. For example, for a length of rafter with athree-foot rise and twelve-foot run attention is directed to thethree-inch mark, at which point the designating-numerals indicate thatthe length of the rafter should be twelve feet four and forty-fourhundredths inches.

B, Fig. 8, designates the brace-scale, the use of which is as follows:To obtain the length of a brace having a ten-foot rise, attention isdirected to the ten-inch mark, which indicates that the length of thebrace should be 'fourteen feet one and seventy-one hundredths inches.

C designates the hemispherical protractingscale, and D thestraddle-angle scale for indi- The compass attachment is alsol eatingthe pitch or angle ofthe peaks of roofs in laying out the rafters.

E and G designate scales divided into onetenth, one-twelfth, andone-hundredth inch graduations.

The joist-scale H is used for indicating the number of joists, and itsuse is as follows: For an eight-foot joist attention is directed to theeight-inch mark, which gives a result of six.

l designates the rafter-scale, and in order to obtain the number ofrafters attention is directed to the inch-marks. Thus, for an eight-footrafter attention is directed to the eight-inch mark, which gives aresult of four, and for a fourteen-foot rafter attention is directed tothe fourteen-inch mark, which gives a result of seven.

The shingle-scale J is used as follows: To obtain the number of shinglesrequired by a roof of a certain size, the builder proceeds as follows:Suppose one side of a roof is thirteen feet by twenty-eight feet.Attention is directed to the thirteen-inch mark, which indicatestwenty-seven, then to the twentyeight-inch mark, which gives fifty-nine.We now multiply fty-nine by twenty-seven, which gives a result offifteen hundred and ninety-three. If the other side of the roof is ofthe same dimensions, we multiply by two, thus giving a result of threethousand one hundred and eighty-six, which is the number of shinglesrequired for the roof. The calculations upon which the scale J is basedrefer to shingles six inches wide, while the shingle-scale K hasreference to shingles eight inches wide, the same process being utilizedin connection with both scales.

L designates the octagonal scale for arriving at the length of the sidesof Octagon structures. To obtain the length of the side of an Octagon,attention isdirected to the inchmarks, as above. Thus for an Octagontwelve feet wide look under the twelveinch mark, which indicates fourfeet eleven and sixty-five hundredths inches, and so on.

M designates a sixteen-inch scale similar to an ordinary measuring-rule.

N designates the scale for indicating the plumb-cuts of rafters, and itwill be noted y that the rafter-scale is divided into three sections,one of the sections N being used for one to three feet and eight-footrises; the second section i being used for six-feet, one-foot six-inch,three-feet six-inch, and five-feet sixinch rises, and the third sectionN" being used for three-inch, nine-inch, one-foot threeinch, one-footnine-inch, and five-foot threeinch rises. The rule with the armsseparated is placed on top of the rafter, whereupon the scale willindicate the necessary cut. Heelcuts are indicated in the same way asplumbcuts, the rule, however, being placed on the bottom of the rafter.

IOO

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The scale P is used to indicate the angles of figures, such as octagons,hexagons, squares7 equilateral triangles, and other polygonal figures.

The scale Q designates cuts to be made to correspond with the anglesindicated by the scale I.

In using the rule as a level the spurs or studs l are held between thethumb and foreinger, while the arms or members of the rule are at rightangles to each other, or substantially so, whereupon the extremities ofthe arms will lie in the same horizontal plane.

To use the rule as a plumb, the arms or members thereof are foldedtogether and the rule suspended between the thumb and forefinger, asjust previously described7 whereupon each side of the rule will disposeitself in a true vertical line.

l. A rule comprising arms or members connected by a rule-joint,oppositely-arranged protractor-heads connected to one arm, anindicator-head carried by the other arm and interposed between theprotractorheads, the said protractor-heads and indicator-head beingprovided with radiallyprojecting shoulders located ninety degrees apart,and a proj ectingradially-disposed indieating-shoulder on one of saidheads, substantially as described. j

2. A rule comprising arms connected by a rulej oint embodyingoppositely-arranged protractor-heads, a stop-pin connecting said headsand concealed between said heads, an indicator-head carried by the otherarm and interposed and working between said protractor-heads and havinga shoulder adapted to come in contact with said stop-pin when the armsare in line with each other, the protractor-heads and the indicator-headbeing provided with radially-extending shoulders ocated ninety degreesapart.

3. A rule comprising arms or members connected by a rule-joint, pointedstuds or spurs extending outward from the axis of movement of said armsor members at both sides of the rule, and a compass attachmentadjustable lengthwise of one of said arms and detachably mountedthereon, said compass attachment being provided with a scribingaperture.

4. A rule comprising arms or members connected by a rule-joint, thepivot-clamp of which projects at one side, a pivot-lever mounted on saidprojecting end, and a pin extending centrally through the pivot andhaving its opposite ends pointed and projecting, substantially as andfor the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.Y

NEWTON H. CLOUD, JR;

Vitnesses:

NEWTON H. CLOUD, ANNA M. CLOUD.

